Lectures
PART I Summer terms:
Introduction
- Classification of optical properties
- Optical coefficients
- The complex refractive index and dielectric constant
- Optical materials
- Characteristic optical properties
- Microscopic models
Electromagnetism in dielectrics
- Electromagnetic fields and Maxwell’s equation
- Electromagnetic waves
Classical propagation
- Propagation of light in dense optical medium
- The dipole oscillator model, Kramers-Kronig relationship
- Dispersion
- Optical anisotropy: birefringence
Quantum theory of radiative absorption and emission
- Einstein coefficient
- Quantum transition rates
- Selection rules
Interband absorption
- Interband transition
- The transition rate for direct absorption
- Band edge absorption in direct gap semiconductors
- Band edge absorption in indirect gap semiconductors
- Interband absorption above the band edge
- Measurement of absorption spectra
- Semiconductor photodetectors
Excitons
- The concept of excitons
- Free excitons
- Free excitons at high densities
- Frenkel excitons
Luminescence
- Light emission in solids
- Interband luminescence
- Photoluminescence
Free electrons
- Plasma reflectivity
- Free carrier conductivity
- Metals
- Doped semiconductors
- Plasmons
Phonons
- Infrared active phonons
- Infrared reflectivity and absorption in polar solids
- Polaritons
- Polarons
- Inelastic light scattering
- Phonon lifetimes
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART II Winter terms:
Introduction
- Magnetooptical materials
- Electrooptical materials
- Topological materials
- Molecular materials
Band theory
- Metals
- Semiconductors
- Insulators
- Topological insulators
- Molecular materials
Excitons
- Free excitons in external magnetic field
- Free excitons at external electric fields
Luminescence
- Magnetoluminescence
- Electroluminescence
Semiconductor quantum structures
- Quantum confined structures
- Growth and structure of semiconductor quantum wells
- Electronic levels
- Optical absorption and excitons
- The quantum Stark effect
- Optical emission
- Intersubband transitions
- Bloch oscillations
- Growth and structure of semiconductor quantum dots
- Electronic levels
Semiconductor photodetectors
- Photodiodes
- Photoconductive devices
- Photovoltaic devices
Luminescence centers
- Vibronic absorption and emission
- Colour centers
- Paramagnetic impurities in ionic crystals
- Solid state lasers and optical amplifiers
- Phosphors
Optical labels in biotechnology
Nonlinear optics
- The nonlinear susceptibility tensor
- The physical origin of optical nonlinearities
- Second-order nonlinearities
- Third-order nonlinear effects
Single photon detectors and quantum optics
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Exercises
PART I Summer terms:
The software Complete EASE will be provided for use on a personal computer during the term.
Propagation of light
- Light intensity
- Penetration depth of light
- Definition of optical constants
Dielectrics
- Dielectric polarization
- Dielectric function
- Kramers-Kronig relation
Reflection and transmission of light
- Refraction and Snell’s law
- p- and s-polarized light
- Reflection coefficient, transmission coefficient
- Reflectance and transmittance
- Brewster angle
- Total reflection
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PART II Winter terms:
Optical interference
- Optical interference in thin films
- Optical interference in multilayers
Spectroscopic ellipsometry
- Measured value in ellipsometry (y, D)
- Interpretation of (y, D) with optical constants
- Variation of (y, D) in transparent films
- Variation of (y, D) in absorbing films
Dielectric function models
- Lorentz model
- Sellmeier and Cauchy model
- Tauc-Lorentz model
- Drude model
Effective medium approximation
- Effective medium theories
- Modelling of surface roughness
Literature:
1) Hiroyuki Fujiwara, Spectroscopic Ellipsometry: Principles and Applications, Wiley, 2007 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9780470060193
2) Mark Fox: Optical Properties of Solids, Oxford University Press, 2nd edition 2010. https://global.oup.com/academic/product/optical-properties-of-solids-9780199573370?q=Mark%20fox&lang=en&cc=de
3) Sadao Adachi, Properties of Group‐IV, III‐V and II‐VI Semiconductors, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/0470090340
4) Thomas P. Pearsall Quantum photonics Springer https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030473242 |
